Which war crimes tribunal was established after Germany's surrender to prosecute war criminals?

• A. Nuremberg Trials
• B. Tokyo Trials
• C. International Military Tribunal
• D. Geneva Conventions

Answer: (A)

After Germany's surrender, the Allies established a formal process to bring Nazi leaders to account for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace. This effort culminated in the Nuremberg Trials, held in 1945–46 in Nuremberg, conducted by the International Military Tribunal with judges from the United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and France. The proceedings charged major German officials and established legal precedents that helped shape international law, including the idea that leaders can be held accountable for aggressive war and atrocities. The event is best remembered as the Nuremberg Trials, even though the tribunal itself was the International Military Tribunal. The Tokyo Trials were a separate set of proceedings for Japanese war criminals after the war, and the Geneva Conventions are treaties, not a trial.